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1848: US Congress creates Oregon Territory
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On August 14, 1848, Congress establishes the Territorial
Government of Oregon. The United States had enjoyed sovereignty over the
region, which included present-day Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, since
1846. In 1843, local residents had declared their own "provisional
government."
The federal government was spurred to formalize a territorial government
by the massacre by members of the Cayuse tribe of Methodist missionary
Dr. Marcus Whitman (1802-1847), his wife, and 12 other settlers near
Walla Walla on November 29, 1847.
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