The first graphical reference to Biddeford is this map of the Chaucoit (Saco) River, made in 1605 by Samuel de Champlain.  Hills Beach is missing, and what is now Biddeford Pool is a by in and of itself (on the left).  Fort Hill and Parker's Neck are Islands on the map.

Several local native villages along the Saco are shown on the map, along with fields cultivated with corn.  At the top of the graphic, Cataract Falls is indicated, where Biddeford's Factory Island exists.  The village marked "B" is approximately the site of the University of New England.